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start and end, to 0.totalVowels to 0 to keep track of the distinct vowels in the current window.result to 0 to keep the count of valid substrings.end pointer.
a. If the current character is a vowel, increment its count and increment totalVowels if this is the first occurrence of the vowel in the window.
b. While totalVowels is 5 (all vowels are present), try to shrink the window from the start to find the smallest window containing all vowels and update result.
c. If a non-vowel character is encountered, reset the counts and totalVowels, and move start to end + 1.result.