pop of size 101 (since the years range from 1950 to 2050) to store the net population changes.logs and for each log:
a. Increment pop[birth year - 1950] by 1.
b. Decrement pop[death year - 1950] by 1.max_population to 0 and max_year to 1950.pop array and for each index:
a. Update pop[i] with pop[i] + pop[i - 1] to get the current population.
b. If pop[i] is greater than max_population, update max_population and set max_year to i + 1950.max_year as the earliest year with the maximum population.