left to 0 and right to the length of the array minus 1.left is less than or equal to right:
a. Calculate the middle index mid as the average of left and right (avoiding integer overflow).
b. If nums[mid] is equal to the target, return mid as the target is found.
c. If nums[mid] is less than the target, move the left pointer to mid + 1.
d. If nums[mid] is greater than the target, move the right pointer to mid - 1.left as the insert position.